中国人轻松学英语常用语法(12)
9. Java是一个新的计算器语言。
为什么错呢?仍然是在于boy前面没有冠词,这次我们必须加the,正确的翻译是:
a boat
a uniform
the rich=富人
He is an ordinary person, not a king.
Do you know where the post office is?
意思是:
He is a student.
请注意,以上的名词是复数:
It is a virtue not to steal.
Even a king will die sooner or later.
the moon
他不是昨天在考试中舞弊的男孩。
Please open the window.
也许我们会将以上的句子翻译成以下的句子:
an odd case
He is the professor who taught me English.
How large is the universe?
反过来说,有些字并不以元音开始,但是却必须用an,因为这些字的第一音节是元音发音,例子:
Dogs are often close to their masters.
Let there be no hatred.
7. I will become engineer.
patience
an hour
假设我们要翻译以下的中文句子:
Please open a window.
He is the student who can swim very well.
The blind can also study computer science now.
21. This is book which I bought yesterday.
1. 他是一个好学生。
Time flies.(时间过得很快)
8. Is he honest boy?
17. He is friend of mine.
5. Give me hint.
Long live the King.
Where is the library?
The rich always get richer.
Is there a train station near us?
The rich should pay more taxes.
练习【练习五十六】
a cup, two cups
这种翻译是错的,boy的前面,必须有一个冠词,英文冠词只有两个:a和the,在这个例子,我们应该加a,因此正确的翻译是:
6. 中华民国的总统将于明年访问美国。
an old lady
hatred
将下列中文句子译成英文:
再看以下的句子:
4. 这是总统。
在英文里,a有时必须用an代替,凡是一个字一开始的发音是元音的话,那么前面就不能用a,而必须用an。例子:
* He is boy who came to see me yesterday.
【练习五十七】
以下的例子都是正确
Here comes the King.
我们知道大多数的名词前面要加冠词,但究竟要加a,还是the呢?我们在下一节讨论。
kindness
4. He wants to become doctor.
There is hope among us.
13. Where is train station.
有了这个基本观念以后,我们就很容易了解以下句子中,为什么要用the:
1. He is student who went to see you.
2. There is river in this area.
time
a和the最大的不同,在于a后面的名词不是指定的,而the后面的名词是有所指的。我们不妨看以下的两个句子,他们都是正确的,但意义却不同。
14. I really like library.
the earth
Do you think we can reach the moon?
He is not a boy who would cheat others.
3. He is just ordinary person.
John is the boy.
2. This is easy job.
19. 为什么我们白天不能看到月亮?
9. hour later, he went away.
We need a good rain.
He is the King.
There is a boat in the river.
23. I am going to take vacation next month.
就不同了,说这句话的人和听这句话的人一定有一个共识,〝the window〞一定是指某一扇特定的窗子,也许这间房子里只有一扇窗,也可能他们谈话中曾经提到某一扇窗,〝the window〞就是指那一扇窗。
12§1 a和the之不同用法
Boy does not like to play the piano.
I do not like to be a king.
Men eat more than women.
12§3 冠词使用时的例外
the poor=穷人
9. I have dog and two cats.
a boy, three boys
I have two sons. This is the son who will be a doctor.
16. wind is getting stronger and stronger.
The sun never sets in the British Empire.
以下是一些用a和the的例子,读者应设法了解句子中为何有时用a,有时用the。
I like to be a teacher.
He is the boy who came to see me yesterday.
他是昨天来看我的孩子。
如果说
an egg
他是聪明的孩子
He saw a cat.
the weak=弱者
I have a son and a daughter.
The poor are getting poorer.
The post office is quite near.
请注意,世界上国王有好多个,如果我们仅仅说他是一个国王,当然没有指定哪一个国家的国王,就用a king,如果我们用the King意思当然指我们共识中的国王。这时的King中的K必须大写,以示尊敬。
This is the boat which we can use.
an apple
正确的句子是:
7. UNIX is computer operating system.
the universe
John is a boy.
如果我们的国王是指某一个特定的国王,就必须用the,举一个例子;如果我们说〝国王万岁〞,我们当然是指我们的国王,因此〝国王万岁〞的翻译就是
4. friend in need is friend indeed.
* Swimming is good exercise.
我们再举一个例子:
joy
19. He is swimmer who swam across the English Channel.
I want to be a teacher who is loved by students.
an answer
8. WINDOW is only operating system invested by Microsoft.
1. He is English Professor.
Where is the station?
a glass of water
There is a post office inside that building.
12. 火车站在哪里?
3. 我要做总统。
He is a clever boy.
pain
14. 这里有邮局吗?
12§2 a和an的用法
This is the time to cry.
* He saw cat.
a one-sided opinion
22. I don't like to be professor.
Cats are often quite lazy.
再看以下的句子:
20. 总统几岁?
There is a hatred towards was in our society.
第一个有关冠词的特殊用法是这样的,假设我们要说〝男生通常不喜欢弹钢琴〞,我们不能说
the blind=盲人
8. 他是那位我们常常谈到的老师。
* King of England died last night.
2. 他是那位老师都喜欢的学生。
a teacher
Can you feel his kindness?
There is sadness in his voice.
the deaf=聋人
可是很多名词是不可数的,以下这些名词都是抽象的,因此不可数
10. Is this university library?
The library looks so good.
I am losing patience.
读者应该了解,同类型的句子,可以用a,也可以用the,但意义是完全不同的,,请看以下的句子:
sadness
17. 太阳在东边升起。
7. 我要做一个好的工程师。
我们现在再看以下的中文句子:
The blind are often very sensitive to sounds.
love
15. Please give me glass of water.
The King is a popular person in our country.
Professors are all very smart.
除此以外,the还有一个特殊的用途,我们可以在the的后面加一个形容词,使这两个字变成了一个名词,举例来说:
an umbrella
这些抽象名词的前面是不要加冠词的,例子如下:
12. Is there hotel around here?
24. John will become basketball player.
第二个规则有关所谓不可数名词,很多名词是可以数的如:
He has wisdom.
When spring comes, flowers start to bloom.
a cup of tea
We can not live without love.
我们就以〝国王〞为例,如果我们泛指一般的国王,我们可以用复数,也可以用单数,但必须用a,以下是一些例子:
18. It is hard for poor to go to colleges.
Swimming is a good exercise.
Java is a computer language.
请注意,用an与否并不是完全和字母有关,而是和发音有关。举例来说,u虽然是一个元音字母,但是我们却说a unit,而不能用*an unit,因为unit的一开始发音并非元音。
He does have the patience to listen to long talks.
11. earth is not flat.
Loving others creates joy.
如果我们说,〝这场雨好大〞,我们说
他不是那种会欺骗别人的男孩子。
第十二章 冠词(Articles)
The president of the United States in an important person in the world.
根据这种原则,当我们提到地球,月亮这种独一无二的东西,就必须用the。
意思就完全不同了,这句话的意思是〝他是我们国家的国王〞。
以上的例子,乃是泛指的事物,如果特定的抽象名词,仍要加冠词。例如:
* Java is computer language.
He is a King.
Have you ever met a king ?
He is the teacher who taught me English.
The King of England died last night.
6. Please open door which opens to the hall.
The earth is round.
〝John is a boy.〞的意思是〝约翰是一个男孩〞,而〝John is the boy.〞的意思就完不同了,我们一定曾经提到过某一个男孩子,而约翰就是那个男孩子。可能的情形是:There is a boy who is very good in mathematics. John is the boy.
We should pay more attentions to the poor.
The rain is going to stop tomorrow.
We just can not avoid the sadness of losing some loved ones.
15. 富人常住在城里。
11. 他是获大奖的教授。
Girls are more diligent than boys.
a useful car
13. 请告诉我邮局的地址。
以下的翻译是错的:
填入a或an
* He is professor who taught me English.
是指请开一扇窗子,随便哪一扇都可以。
16. 盲人可以用计算机。
Do you feel the pain?
5. 请打开一扇窗。
the sun
an honest person
【练习五十八】
10. She is teacher who got many prizes.
3. I don't want to be teacher.
We need a heavy rain.
* He is clever baby.
5. No one wants to be beggar.
18. 宇宙是非常大的。
Kings are also human beings.
He is not the person whom we talked about.
而要说
hope
Even the King of England can not come in.
一般来说,英文句子的单数名词前面都会有冠词,没有冠词是例外,以下的句子都是错的:
I am going to the train station.
这时,Boys的前面,是没有冠词的,理由很简单,我们不能加a,因为boys是复数,我们也不能加the,因为boys并没有指定哪一个男孩,也没有指定哪一种男孩。类似的例子有:
在以上的两节,我们好像说冠词的使用是有一定规则的,其实不然,例外也不少。在很多情形之下,冠词是要省略的,更麻烦的是,连省略冠词的规则都有例外,应该省的却又不省了。
a student
We must be able to endure pain.
Everyone can feel the joy of being loved.
Boys do not like to play the piano.
wisdom
10. 我有一只狗。
a university
我们可以再举一个例,假如我们说,〝我们需要一场大雨〞,我们说
The weather is really bad.
an idea
The rain is really heavy.
6. I have American friend.
an island
20. weather is getting colder and colder.
He is not the boy who cheated in an examination yesterday.
将适当的冠词填入下列的空白:
25. I ride bicycle to work every morning.
中国人轻松学英语常用语法(12)
an eye
an airplane
意思是〝他是一个国王〞。
其它类似的例子有: